The Basics

Choose what to send and what to see.
Make sure the other people in the call will see you and you'll see them.
Press SEND MAIN Press VIEW FAR END Adjust the camera's view.

Make sure the picture you'll be sending to the far end shows you and any others who are in the room with you.

You can adjust the view using the camera control buttons. (If the system is in standby mode, it wakes up when you press any button.) Press To move left, right, up, or down Press To narrow or widen the view: Press

AUTOMATIC To toggle on/off automatic speaker locating camera control (where available).

To adjust the volume
If the sound you hear is too loud or too soft, you can adjust the volume: Press

If the people at the far end can't hear you, your microphone may be muted. To turn off muting:

Remove the PIP (picture-in-picture)window
The PIP shows what you're sending to the far end. If it's in the way of something else on the screen, you can easily remove it:

Press PIP
To redisplay the PIP, press the same button.

Show a document
If you have a document camera and you want to show a document or small object: Place the document; then press PREVIEW DOC

Adjust the document; then press SEND DOC

After showing the document, press the two orange buttons to resume sending your own picture and viewing the far end:

Press SEND MAIN Press VIEW FAR END

All these buttons are found on the keypad:
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IMMUNE STIMULATORS

We can think of most antiviral drugs as "offense", attacking the virus to slow down its multiplication. Another approach to treating HIV infection is "defense", strengthening the immune response of people who are infected. This Fact Sheet describes new immune stimulators being developed.
Most of the immune stimulators help to upgrade the immune system agianst the deardly virus. CYTOKINES

Some of these treatments use the body's own chemical messengers (cytokines) to increase the immune system's response to HIV. Different cytokines carry different messages to cells of the immune system. Some cytokines tell a cell to start multiplying; others can tell a cell to self-destruct.

The best-known cytokine is interleukin-2 (IL-2, Aldesleukin, Proleukin) by Chiron Corporation. It is currently in Phase III trials.

Multikine by Cel-Sci Corporation, is a mixture of several different cytokines. It is in Phase I human trials.



VACCINE-LIKE TREATMENT

Another approach to stimulating the immune system is similar to vaccination, except that it is used in people who are already infected with HIV. HRG214 by Virionyx is a genetically engineered group of antibodies to HIV. It is called a "passive immuno-therapeutic pharmaceutical." HRG 214 is in a Phase I trial.

HIV-1 Immunogen (Remune) by Immune Response Corporation includes all of the core proteins of HIV, in an inactive form. This stimluates the immune system to respond. The development of Remune has been long and difficult. Some Phase III trials were halted in 2001 when Pfizer withdrew from a joint development agreement. Remune's future is uncertain.



OTHER IMMUNE STIMULATORS

Ampligen by Hemispherx Biopharma is supposed to activate some of the cell's own defenses against viruses. It is in Phase II and Phase III trials.

HE2000 by Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals is a new drug that works on an infected person's immune system. It is designed to stregthen the "humoral" immune response which is responsible for producing antibodies. HE2000 is being tested in Phase I/II trials.

Murabutide is under study by Dr. Georges Bahr in France. It uses fragments of bacteria to stimulate the overall immune response. Murabutide is given by injection. Phase I results, reported late in 2001, were promising.

Reticulose by Advanced Viral Research Corporation is a nucleic acid that stimulates the cell-killing arm of the immune system. It is administered as a subcutaneous (beneath the skin) injection. Early clinical trials showed that patients receiving Reticulose had increases in their CD4 and CD8 cells, weight increases, and fewer opportunistic infections than patients receiving placebo. No toxic side effects have been reported yet. Reticulose is in Phase III trials.

Cell Genesys has developed an AIDS gene therapy. CD4 and CD8 cells are collected from an HIV-infected patient. The cells are genetically modified to recognize and kill HIV-infected cells. They are multiplied, and then given back to the same patient. This AIDS therapy is given along with antiviral drugs, and is in Phase II trials.



Resveratrol is a chemical found in several plants and the skin of red grapes. It protects plants against pathogens and may have other immune-boosting properties. It is being studied in a Phase I trial in people with HIV.

A complete collection of easy to understand fact sheets about HIV/AIDS treatments and conditions; including conventional, alternative, and complementary therapies. Updated regularly to keep up with the latest information. Information is the most powerful weapon we have in the fight against AIDS.
Recently researchers of the deadly killer disease HIV/AIDS have improved in their findings as to concern the inhibiton of action of the virus. Proteases inhibitors have bing said to be very good in prolonging the life span of the patient and also reducing the life span(inhibiting) the viral actions.These drugs block the protease enzyme. When new viral particles break off from an infected cell, protease cuts long protein strands into the parts needed to assemble a mature virus. When protease is blocked, the new viral particles can not mature. Protease inhibitors being tested in humans include Atazanavir, GW433908, L-756,423, Mozenavir (DMP-450), Tipranavir, and TMC114. Several firms are trying to develop a new type of protease inhibitor that will not be cross-resistant with existing drugs.

Atazanavir (BMS232632) by Bristol-Myers Squibb is as strong as nelfinavir. It has few side effects and doesn't raise cholesterol like many PIs, but can cause high levels of bilirubin. It is being tested as a once daily drug in Phase III trials.

GW433908 by GlaxoSmithKline and is a "prodrug" form of amprenavir. A prodrug becomes active after it is broken down in the body. GW433908 will be just 2 tablets instead of the current 8 capsules, twice daily, and will not contain Vitamin E. See Fact Sheet 445 for more information on amprenavir. GW433908 is in Phase III trials.

L-756,423 by Merck is chemically similar to indinavir. However, it stays in the blood longer and should cause fewer kidney problems. L-756,423 is being studied in combination with indinavir. The dose being studied is 5 capsules once a day, with food. There have been no recent reports on its status.

Mozenavir (DMP450) by Triangle Pharmaceuticals is a very potent protease inhibitor that appears to improve the activity of several other antiviral drugs. Unfortunately, it is cross-resistant with indinavir and ritonavir. It is not broken down by the same liver enzyme as other protease inhibitors, so it is expected to have fewer interactions with other drugs. Development is on hold due to heart irregularities.

Tipranavir (PNU-140690) by Boehringer Ingelheim is a new HIV protease inhibitor. It appears to work against HIV that is already resistant to other protease inhibitors. It is being studied in twice-daily dosing combined with ritonavir and is in Phase III trials. It seems to have a high rate of side effects including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.